Cerebrovascular Disease

A stroke, also known as a “brain attack” or Cerebrovascular disease, is an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain. Every 45 seconds, someone in the United States has a stroke, which occurs more frequently in men. Ischemic stroke, the most common type, results from clogged arteries, a condition called atherosclerosis. Fatty deposits collect on the wall of the arteries, forming a sticky substance called plaque. Over time, the plaque builds up, causing the blood to flow abnormally and form a clot. A clot that stays in place in the brain is called a cerebral thrombus. A clot that breaks loose and moves through the bloodstream to the brain is called a cerebral embolism. This is often caused by an irregular heartbeat, called atrial fibrillation. High blood pressure is the number one reason for a stroke. The risk is also increased by age, family history, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, and heart disease.

Common symptoms of stroke include weakness or paralysis of any part of the body, numbness, tingling, vision changes, slurred speech, swallowing difficulties, loss of memory, vertigo, loss of balance, mood changes, drowsiness, lethargy, uncontrollable eye movements or loss of consciousness. Tests are performed to determine the type, location, and cause of the stroke and to rule out other disorders.  Sometimes surgery is required and blood thinners such as heparin, Coumadin and aspirin are used. The goal of long-term treatment is to recover as much function as possible and prevent future strokes. Depending on the symptoms, rehabilitation includes speech therapy, occupational therapy, and physical therapy.

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